Grand Forks Air Force Base, located in eastern North Dakota, initially had 150 Minuteman II missiles. These were in place by the end of 1966 and upgraded to Minuteman III between 1972 and 1973. In 1995 it was decided to retire the Grand Forks missiles; the last missile was pulled from its silo in June 1998. Destruction of silos and control facilities began in October 1999, as part of the reduction in arms from 1,000 land-based ICBMs to 550 land-based ICBMs, per international treaties. See http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/cepa/pubs/may00/may00story15.htm which points out these were "harder" sites than previous ones that had been destroyed. The first Grand Forks silo destroyed was A-04 on October 6 1999, see http://www.af.mil/news/Oct1999/n19991015_991911.html (which is now a broken link, see instead http://web.archive.org/web/20020203042009/http://www.af.mil/news/Oct1999/n19991015_991911.html). The target completion date was November 2001 and in fact the last silo (H-22) was imploded August 24 2001 (the last US silo destroyed per the 1991 START treaty).
http://www.angelfire.com/tx/missile2 is a map of the area, from the book "Nuclear Heartland."
Sites O-0 (Oscar-zero, a Launch Control Facility) and N-33 may be preserved as historic sites. There have been several articles in the past but they tend to disappear from the web:
Although Ellsworth AFB successfully test fired a missile from their N-2 launch facility (with 7 seconds of propellant), under the name "Long Life", one of the Grand Forks sites was to be used for "Long Life II" but the press called it "Long Laugh II" when it failed to launch on two attempts due to excessive safety features (October 19 1966, and October 28 1966). I believe this is the same site that Nuclear Heartland calls "Fizzle Missile" (H-24). "Giant Boost" failed for similar reasons in August 1968 and was called "Giant Bust" by the media, but it isn't clear if the same site was used. See:
Every GFAFB Launch Facility has a "secondary enclosure"
attached to it, as in the example far left (D-31).
It's believed this is called the "dipole field"
or the Medium Frequency antenna field
and provides communication to the LFs via a buried antenna, in addition to a
Hardened Intersite Cable System (HICS) which is used alone in
most other areas (i.e. sites that were
built for Minuteman I). These also appear at Malmstrom's flights P through T
which are their built-for-Minuteman-II ("Deuce") sites.
Another difference is that the HICS wasn't as densely interconnected on
Deuce sites compared to Boeing sites, but is supposed to be
buried deeper.
In the case of site F0 (second photo), soil conditions have deteriorated
in a way that it appears to be possible to deduce some of the underground
structure.
(Patch images courtesy of USAFPatches.com)
The people: Grand Forks' Minuteman missiles were staffed by the 446th (flights A-E, activated July 1 1965, deactivated ???), 447th (flights F-J, activated February 1 1965, deactivated ???), and 448th (flights K-O, activated September 15 1965, deactivated ???) Missile Squadrons, all under the 321st Missile Wing (activated November 1 1964, deactivated ???). Other resources:
Each squadron is responsible for 5 flights of 10 missiles each, or 50 missiles. Sites are designated by flight, using one letter of the alphabet, followed by a number. The first site in each flight is #0 and designates the Missile Alert Facility (MAF) which consists of an above-ground structure plus an underground Launch Control Center (LCC) staffed by two officers. The Launch Facilities (LFs, i.e. missile silos) are numbered 1 through 10, 11 through 20, and so on up to 50. Numbering for LFs restarts at 1 for the next squadron. LFs are connected to the MAF/LCC by the Hardened Intersite Cable System (HICS) and medium frequency radio.
For humor, I also include the nicknames given in Nuclear Heartland.
Terraserver | 48-49-17 98-30-48 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-0 "Criminal Intent" |
Terraserver | 48-57-39 98-28-18 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-1 "Pierre Trudeau's" |
Terraserver | 48-53-56 98-26-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-2 "Physicist's Dream" |
Terraserver | 48-57-59 98-21-42 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-3 "Maple Leaf" |
Terraserver | 48-53-39 98-19-40 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-4 "Leo Laukki" |
| Leo Laukki was a Finnish-American around 1910 who was a radical leftist, even suporting the idea of sabotage, which he later reversed. | ||
Terraserver | 48-49-49 98-22-06 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-5 "Selma Jokela McCone" |
| Another Finnish-American I think, but extremely obscure. I found one reference ""Three Proponents of Women's Rights in the Finnish-American Labor Movement from 1910-1930: Selma Jokela McCone, Maiju Nurmi and Helmi Mattson" written by Hilja Karvonen (1977) and apparently printed in "For the Common Good: Finnish Immigrants and the Radical Response to Industrial America" edited by Michael Karni and Douglas Ollila (1977), published by the Tyomies Society, Superior, Wisconsin (see http://list.msu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9602a&L=aejmc&F=&S=&P=2580). | ||
Terraserver | 48-45-49 98-26-31 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-6 "Good Riddance" |
Terraserver | 48-45-34 98-33-27 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-7 "Taavi Taino" |
| Taavi Taino was a central representative of Finnish Social Democracy in the early 20th century. | ||
Terraserver | 48-58-35 98-43-11 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-8 "Knows No Boundaries" |
Terraserver | 48-57-07 98-37-56 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-9 "Helmi Mattson" |
| Unusually distinct features in the photo, also nice patterns in the nearby fields. Helmi Mattson was a Finnish-born author who lived in the USA, but the relevance to nuclear deterrence is unclear to me. | ||
Terraserver | 48-53-37 98-33-07 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | A-10 "Babylon Falling Down" |
Terraserver | 48-45-49 98-11-36 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-0 "Tax Payers'" |
Terraserver | 48-54-29 98-08-20 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-11 "Frost-Fire" |
Terraserver | 48-49-54 98-08-35 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-12 "Rude" |
Terraserver | 48-49-02 98-00-15 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-13 "Damage Done" |
Terraserver | 48-45-48 98-05-08 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-14 "Anniversary Rock" |
Terraserver | 48-43-38 97-58-59 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-15 "Time Bomb" |
Terraserver | 48-41-50 98-08-28 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-16 "Puck's Breath" |
Terraserver | 48-41-11 98-15-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-17 "The Big Lie" |
Terraserver | 48-46-40 98-18-09 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-18 "Wild Thistle" |
Terraserver | 48-50-10 98-15-31 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-19 "Potato Bud" |
Terraserver | 48-56-50 98-15-04 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | B-20 "Bitter-Root" |
Terraserver | 48-32-43 97-57-49 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-0 "Heart of Darkness" |
Terraserver | 48-32-43 97-50-00 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-21 "Agassiz's Agony" |
Terraserver | 48-29-32 97-43-43 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-22 "Prairie Kali" |
Terraserver | 48-25-25 97-44-05 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-23 "Kissinger's Remorse" |
| Trees nearby, a little unusual. They normally try to keep the landscape clean this close. | ||
Terraserver | 48-28-02 97-57-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-24 "Naked Lunch" |
| Again, nearby trees but not as close as C-23. | ||
Terraserver | 48-24-15 98-00-38 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-25 "Mr. Kurtz" |
Terraserver | 48-24-39 98-07-46 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-26 "Flower of Evil" |
Terraserver | 48-29-16 98-05-51 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-27 "Ghost Dance" |
Terraserver | 48-32-43 98-04-16 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-28 "Voices Catching Up" |
Terraserver | 48-36-24 98-08-28 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-29 "Paradise Lost" |
Terraserver | 48-39-15 98-02-00 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | C-30 "Mim's Roots" |
Terraserver | 48-29-01 98-41-46 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-0 "Chains of Command" |
| A blogger named Julie, who lives near E-0, has written a nice entry on her memories of E-0 and the current condition of the MAF. See http://www.loneprairie.net/lp_blog/blog.htm and scroll down to 11.22.2006 which also includes a very nice entry on the Mickelsen Safeguard Complex. (Now (11/2007) it appears to have scrolled away, but click on the "Military" button). | ||
Terraserver | 48-33-49 98-38-51 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-41 "Burning Earth" |
Terraserver | 48-32-57 98-30-36 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-42 "Broken Promise" |
Terraserver | 48-29-17 98-35-15 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-43 "Trail of Tears" |
Terraserver | 48-24-33 98-37-11 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-44 "Poison Payload" |
Terraserver | 48-24-41 98-43-15 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-45 "Jackboot" |
Terraserver | 48-24-42 98-49-45 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-46 "Peace School" |
Terraserver | 48-27-19 98-56-07 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-47 "Banal" |
Terraserver | 48-29-02 98-49-36 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-48 "Hide the Sun" |
Terraserver | 48-33-13 98-52-46 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-49 "Alone with Fear" |
Terraserver | 48-32-46 98-45-38 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | E-50 "Machine Money" |
Terraserver | 48-17-27 98-13-52 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-0 "Forbidden Orders" |
Terraserver | 48-22-18 98-13-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-1 "Planetary Slaughterhouse" |
Terraserver | 48-18-46 98-05-23 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-2 "Disarming D. Fields" |
Terraserver | 48-18-31 97-58-55 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-3 "Nuclear Winter" |
Terraserver | 48-18-32 97-52-18 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-4 "Dakota's Denial" |
Terraserver | 48-13-07 97-51-49 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-5 "Fearful Folly" |
Terraserver | 48-14-40 98-07-23 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-6 "Forest River" |
Terraserver | 48-13-35 98-18-02 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-7 "Brocket's Rocket" |
Terraserver | 48-16-47 98-22-33 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-8 "Megadeath" |
| Siloman's list incorrectly identified this as F-58. | ||
Terraserver | 48-21-58 98-32-00 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-9 "Nuclear Wheat" |
| Siloman's list incorrectly identified this as F-59. | ||
Terraserver | 48-21-47 98-23-07 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | F-10 "The End" |
| Siloman's list incorrectly identified this as F-60. | ||
Terraserver | 48-09-13 97-52-05 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-0 "Karma" |
Terraserver | 48-20-46 97-45-19 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-11 "Spirit of Poison" |
Terraserver | 48-21-23 97-38-50 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-12 "Prairie Puzzle" |
Terraserver | 48-16-47 97-43-38 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-13 "Farm Crisis" |
| Looks like a farmhouse shares the driveway. | ||
Terraserver | 48-17-20 97-37-01 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-14 "Breadbasket" |
| Long driveway. | ||
Terraserver | 48-12-54 97-37-09 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-15 "Soo Line" |
| The Soo Line is the name of a railroad though its relevance isn't clear here except some tracks run nearby, to the north. | ||
Terraserver | 48-07-54 97-38-26 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-16 "Blackout" |
| Unusual to see a hedge so close to a site. | ||
Terraserver | 48-00-28 97-48-53 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-17 "Turtle River" |
Terraserver | 48-04-33 97-51-27 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-18 "Eisenhower's Sorrow" |
Terraserver | 48-00-11 97-54-49 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-19 "Thumbing a Ride" |
Terraserver | 48-09-48 97-58-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | G-20 "Rachel Wept" |
Terraserver | 48-05-46 98-06-58 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-0 "Unfunny" |
Terraserver | 48-09-49 98-05-01 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-21 "Cancer Cavities" |
Terraserver | 48-05-09 97-59-13 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-22 "TV Tower" |
Terraserver | 48-01-49 98-03-05 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-23 "Winds of Hades" |
Terraserver | 47-57-35 98-05-16 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-24 "Fizzle" |
| "Fizzle Missile" was the site of an attempted demonstration launch in August 1968 under the code name "Giant Boost". It was re-labeled "Giant Bust" by the press when the attempt failed. This may or may not be the same site where attempts were made on October 19 and October 28 1966 under the code name "Long Life II" which also failed and was dubbed "Long Laugh II". | ||
Terraserver | 48-01-07 98-09-51 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-25 "Broken Lid" |
Terraserver | 47-57-34 98-14-39 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-26 "Gopher" |
Terraserver | 48-04-36 98-13-26 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-27 "Jammed Hatch" |
Terraserver | 48-04-36 98-20-21 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-28 "Scrambled Radar" |
Terraserver | 48-09-14 98-18-07 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-29 "Loken" |
Terraserver | 48-10-57 98-13-07 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | H-30 "Freeze" |
Terraserver | 47-50-54 98-17-53 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-0 "Susie-Lee-Mary 2" |
Terraserver | 47-56-37 97-59-12 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-31 "Daddy Warbucks" |
Terraserver | 47-56-20 97-52-44 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-32 "County Line" |
Terraserver | 47-53-15 98-03-02 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-33 "Old Barb" |
| One of the rare cases of Nuclear Heartland getting their directions wrong. They list it east of highway 32, it's actually to the west. | ||
Terraserver | 47-54-23 97-47-09 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-34 "Peaceless" |
Terraserver | 47-50-02 98-09-28 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-35 "McMissile" |
| McMissile because it's near a town named McVille. | ||
Terraserver | 47-46-18 98-24-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-36 "Sheyenne River" |
Terraserver | 47-41-58 98-34-40 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-37 "Eddy County" |
Terraserver | 47-44-31 98-30-55 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-38 "Friendly Farm" |
Terraserver | 47-49-47 98-29-56 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-39 "Tons of Turkeys" |
Terraserver | 47-55-27 98-20-13 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | I-40 "Stump Lake" |
Terraserver | 48-09-14 98-27-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-0 "Beatrice" |
Terraserver | 48-13-34 98-27-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-41 "Ophelia" |
Terraserver | 48-04-05 98-26-49 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-42 "Titania" |
| A clear example of a road dead-ending at a site. Siloman's list incorrectly stated the latitude as 48-05-05, incorrect by one minute (probably just a typo). | ||
Terraserver | 47-59-09 98-31-20 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-43 "Perdita" |
Terraserver | 48-02-31 98-35-31 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-44 "Cleopatra" |
Terraserver | 48-07-45 98-33-19 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-45 "Desdemona" |
Terraserver | 48-06-21 98-39-48 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-46 "Cordelia" |
| A non-straight driveway, possibly due to terrain. | ||
Terraserver | 48-11-01 98-39-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-47 "Katherina" |
Terraserver | 48-12-42 98-33-18 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-48 "Rosalind" |
Terraserver | 48-17-54 98-36-14 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-49 "Miranda" |
Terraserver | 48-17-55 98-28-43 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | J-50 "Olivia" |
Terraserver | 47-37-00 97-42-16 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-0 "Charon's Ferry" |
Terraserver | 47-41-05 97-39-53 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-1 "Wish it Away" |
Terraserver | 47-34-27 97-47-22 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-2 "Vishnhu's Heater" |
Terraserver | 47-39-25 97-52-37 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-3 "Valkyrie Roulette" |
| Notice in the full-size photo, the area to the west of the LF was taken at a different time and the two photos merged. This is quite common on Terraserver but in this case was interesting because of the pattern of plowing on the west (9/25/1997) that is completely absent to the east (9/9/1997). This suggests harvesting occured between those two dates. | ||
Terraserver | 47-43-41 97-54-50 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-4 "Attila's Fantasy" |
Terraserver | 47-48-25 97-59-34 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-5 "Prairie's Bane" |
Terraserver | 47-41-04 97-46-13 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-6 "Golgotha" |
Terraserver | 47-52-22 97-56-59 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-7 "Caspar W.'s Ghost" |
Terraserver | 47-45-41 97-49-26 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-8 "Fruit of Acedia" |
Terraserver | 47-49-13 97-45-00 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-9 "Harry Truman's" |
Terraserver | 47-44-48 97-43-04 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | K-10 "Maginot's Folly" |
Terraserver | 47-20-03 97-56-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-0 "Savage Lagoon" |
Terraserver | 47-28-57 97-47-54 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-11 "A Fine and Private Place" |
Terraserver | 47-31-23 97-42-17 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-12 "Cancer" |
Terraserver | 47-23-45 97-49-25 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-13 "Peace Garden State" |
Terraserver | 47-26-10 97-43-35 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-14 "Wylie" |
Terraserver | 47-28-43 97-37-33 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-15 "Dumbfounded" |
Terraserver | 47-19-41 97-49-42 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-16 "Prairie Rose" |
Terraserver | 47-15-25 97-47-40 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-17 "Easy Come, Easy Go" |
Terraserver | 47-15-34 97-54-02 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-18 "Shirley" |
| The nickname is cute, since a nearby town is called Luverne. | ||
Terraserver | 47-10-49 97-53-36 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-19 "C'est Fini" |
Terraserver | 47-24-56 97-58-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | L-20 "All Mine" |
Terraserver | 47-16-17 97-41-18 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-0 "Nervous Energy" |
Terraserver | 46-59-06 97-33-17 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-21 "J. Denby Mercenary" |
Terraserver | 47-12-00 97-40-55 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-22 "Prairie Road" |
| At http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/lotl/00f/00f6a.html there is an article about the demolition of North Dakota silos and M-22 in particular. However, the "before" photo is not of a Minuteman silo, but rather is of the Stanley R. Mickelson Safeguard Complex's Spartan missile field (see D-0, above). | ||
Terraserver | 47-00-35 97-41-21 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-23 "Homestead" |
Terraserver | 46-56-12 97-41-54 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-24 "Tower View" |
| Near Tower City, hence the name. | ||
Terraserver | 46-58-06 97-47-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-25 "Burning Sage" |
Terraserver | 47-02-20 97-47-38 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-26 "Meadowlark" |
Terraserver | 47-05-49 97-47-50 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-27 "Messier's" |
Terraserver | 47-02-21 97-53-35 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-28 "Golden Wheat" |
Terraserver | 47-11-15 97-47-40 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-29 "Disarmingly Simple" |
Terraserver | 47-06-28 97-55-26 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | M-30 "Eric's" |
Terraserver | 47-29-51 98-07-36 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-0 "Double Aught" |
| O-0 (Oscar-zero) is supposed to be preserved as a historic site, see notes at top of this page. | ||
Terraserver | 47-45-25 98-07-29 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-41 "Mintone" |
Terraserver | 47-41-06 98-06-02 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-42 "West Marshland" |
Terraserver | 47-43-59 98-01-40 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-43 "Barizoni's Watch" |
Terraserver | 47-39-25 97-58-45 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-44 "Gray Mourning" |
Terraserver | 47-35-06 98-14-49 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-45 "Out of Mind" |
Terraserver | 47-38-35 98-18-44 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-46 "Rock Pile" |
Terraserver | 47-43-42 98-19-10 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-47 "Six Bin" |
Terraserver | 47-42-22 98-13-03 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-48 "Mystery" |
Terraserver | 47-38-21 98-10-47 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-49 "Shelterbelt" |
Terraserver | 47-34-08 98-08-15 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | O-50 "Ottawa Church" |
Terraserver | 47-56-47 97-22-42 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | T-21 |
|
I received email with a very nice description of this area:
"The LF trainer at GFAFB was designated T-21. It was destroyed as part of the treaty. We commonly referred
to it as the TLF (training launch facility). It contained a mock up of basically what the silo looked inside
with a few modifications. The missile in the silo was cosmetically correct, except it was made from
concrete. The upper parts of the missle (R/S (reentry system), MGS (missile guidance set), and PSRE
(propulsion system rocket engine)) were not concrete. They looked like they should have, except, of course,
they were fake and designated for training only or inert.
Just south, south west of the TLF in the terraserver picture was the Missile Group's maintenance building. It contained all of the dispatching teams and support shops. The building to the west of the maintenance building was the vehicle dispatch building. You can see two long white vans in the picture to the north. These, more than likely, were the PT (payload transporters) vans. These vans transported the R/S, MGS, and PSRE to missile sites. Just west of the TLF by the shadows of the water tower was the training building. Here they trained different career fields on missile maintenance. This building also held a traininer designated T-19. This was a basically a diesel engine, air conditioning trainer. To the far west (upper left) is a block building. This housed all of the Operations Group side of the house. Capsule crews, and their support stuff was in this building. " The WSA is just south of the TLF (see below). Just a humorous side-note, look at the shadows from the water tower. There are two, the USGS photographed the left side in the morning and the right side in the afternoon, the splice runs almost directly through the tower. | ||
Terraserver | 47-56-22 97-22-35 ? miles ? Grand Forks North Dakota () | WSA |
| The Weapons Storage Area (WSA). It's immediately south of the Minuteman training LF (see above). | ||