Many of the following missile silos and launch control centers are on land claimed by the Lakota Nation. In the view of many Lakota the last valid treaty between the United States and the Lakota Nation was one signed in 1868. It left all of South Dakota west of the Missouri River in Lakota hands. (Nuclear Heartland)
Ellsworth Air Force Base (see also http://www.strategic-air-command.com/bases/Ellsworth_AFB.htm), located in western South Dakota, initially had 150 Minuteman I missiles (also Titan Is, see http://w3.uwyo.edu/~jimkirk/titan1.html#ellsworth) which were installed between April 1963 and the end of 1963. Between October 1971 and March 13 1973 the missiles were replaced by Minutman II missiles. The Minutemen were all retired between December 3 1991 and April 1994, with destruction of silos and alert facilities finishing in 1996 as part of the reduction in arms from 1,000 land-based ICBMs to 500 land-based ICBMs (now 450 with Peacekeeper retired), per international treaties.
Many of the USGS photos are from mid/late 1991 when the facilities were active though some photos are later, such as 1995. Some, such as F-1, are from 1997, after the facilities were salvaged and the last silo destroyed. Missile Alert Facility D-1 and Launch Facility D-9 were preserved for conversion into a museum designated the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site. See:
There is a nice museum near the main gate. See http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/index.php and http://www.aero-web.org/museums/sd/eafbsd.htm for a review. The museum offers tours of the base which includes the training launch facility.
(Patch images courtesy of
USAFPatches.com.
I have not found a patch for the 67th MS, only the 67th SMS).
I believe the first 44th patch was appropriate for the Titan I
era and the second is for Minuteman.
The people: Ellsworth sites were staffed by the 66th, 67th, and 68th Missile Squadrons, under the 44th Missile Wing (activated January 1 1962; deactivated July 4 1994). The 66th MS (flights A-E) was activated on July 1 1962; deactivation date unknown. The 67th MS (flights F-J) was activated on August 1 1962; deactivation date unknown. The 68th MS (flights K-O) was activated on September 1 1962; deactivation date unknown. Other resources:
Each squadron was responsible for 5 flights of 10 missiles each, or 50 missiles. Sites are designated by flight, using one letter of the alphabet, followed by a number. The first site in each flight is #1 and designates the Missile Alert Facility (MAF) which consists of an above-ground structure plus an underground Launch Control Center (LCC) staffed by two officers. The Launch Facilities (LFs, i.e. missile silos) are numbered 2 through 11 and are connected to the MAF/LCC by the Hardened Intersite Cable System (HICS) which also interconnects flights.
In more recent post-retirement images such as from Google, notice that the alert facility sewage ponds have been reclaimed (filled, flattened, and presumably returned to the surrounding farm for cultivation). One exception is D-1 which was preserved as a historic site.
For humor, I also include the nicknames given in the book Nuclear Heartland.
Google Maps | 44-19-53 102-03-04 | A-1 "Pumpkin's Pride" |
| Laid out at interesting angles, not north-south. October 21 2002, this site was being offered for sale, see http://propertydisposal.gsa.gov/Property/PropforSale/ShowProperty.ASP?PropertyID=580 (the link died, try http://web.archive.org/web/20051104220648/http://propertydisposal.gsa.gov/Property/PropforSale/ShowProperty.ASP?PropertyID=580). I checked (11/1/2002) the bidding was up to $10,500 by Siloman himself. On 4/4/2003 I checked and it was listed as sold, $36,000, as of 12/4/2002 to Cedar Breaks Ranch, http://www.cedarbreaksranch.com. | ||
Google Maps | 44-24-26 101-55-50 | A-2 "Horrible Heffalump" |
Google Maps | 44-19-03 101-56-56 | A-3 "Mordor" |
Google Maps | 44-15-49 101-50-56 | A-4 "Not Even Eeyore's" |
Google Maps | 44-13-13 101-57-39 | A-5 "Durin's Bane" |
Google Maps | 44-15-51 102-02-01 | A-6 "Mourning Dove" |
| Unusually long and curvy driveway. | ||
Google Maps | 44-10-55 102-02-53 | A-7 "Katzenjammer" |
Google Maps | 44-13-42 102-12-33 | A-8 "Sammy's" |
Google Maps | 44-16-47 102-08-47 | A-9 "Nick's" |
Google Maps | 44-20-03 102-11-57 | A-10 "Styx & Stones" |
Google Maps | 44-23-23 102-07-57 | A-11 "Charon's Raft" |
| Slightly unusual driveway configuration. | ||
Google Maps | 44-05-56 102-17-02 | B-1 "Contragate" |
Google Maps | 44-09-11 102-12-22 | B-2 "Free Parking" |
Google Maps | 44-07-35 102-06-41 | B-3 "McNamara's" |
Google Maps | 44-04-10 102-10-09 | B-4 "Lost in Space" |
Google Maps | 43-59-23 102-09-38 | B-5 "First Strike" |
Google Maps | 43-55-38 102-14-13 | B-6 "Open Gate" |
Google Maps | 44-01-20 102-17-11 | B-7 "Admiral John's" |
Google Maps | 43-56-21 102-20-14 | B-8 "Womb Envy" |
Google Maps | 44-02-19 102-22-48 | B-9 "General Richard's" |
Google Maps | 44-10-43 102-22-47 | B-10 "Gorbanifar's" |
Google Maps | 44-11-14 102-17-29 | B-11 "Thieves and Knaves" |
| (I had incorrectly listed the coordinates as 44-12-43 102-21-30 until Scott Murdock corrected me, April 7 2012). | ||
Google Maps | 44-11-01 101-42-09 75 miles E Rapid City South Dakota (10 miles N Philip South Dakota) | C-1 "Thermonuclear Warfare" |
| According to Scott Murdock's trip report Ellsworth Echoes this is now the Missile Inn Bed and Breakfast, operated by George and Sandee Gittings who can be contacted at (605) 859-2265 or their cellphone at (605) 685-5497. See also J-1, below. | ||
Google Maps | 44-19-45 101-40-44 | C-2 "Mike's Roadside Rest" |
Google Maps | 44-09-47 101-36-21 | C-3 "The Missile Next Door" |
Google Maps | 44-05-47 101-40-08 | C-4 "Darrell's Roadside Rest" |
| Another web site originally listed 44-04-59 101-41-11 which is a power substation (second image). A little searching revealed the correct location, 1.3 miles northeast. | ||
Google Maps | 44-01-36 101-43-29 | C-5 "Berenson's Pride" |
Google Maps | 43-59-20 101-48-56 | C-6 "Mundt's Muff" |
Google Maps | 44-04-50 101-47-44 | C-7 "Rural Blight" |
Google Maps | 44-06-42 101-53-09 | C-8 "Farewell to Arms" |
Google Maps | 44-06-41 101-58-49 | C-9 "The Naked" missile |
Google Maps | 44-10-49 101-50-35 | C-10 "Omnicide" |
Google Maps | 44-16-59 101-44-58 | C-11 "Boeing Corporation" |
Google Maps | 43-52-40 101-57-41 | D-1 "Mike and Beth's" |
| D-1 and D-9 were preserved as a museum. | ||
Google Maps | 44-02-12 101-56-44 | D-2 "Grindstone" |
Google Maps | 43-57-53 101-55-42 | D-3 "Transfiguration Plowshares" |
Google Maps | 43-54-46 101-48-05 | D-4 "Harmonic Conversion" |
Google Maps | 43-50-36 101-50-20 | D-5 "Lyle's Right" |
| Lots of vehicles in the enclosure, and a few in the driveway on August 19, 1991 when the USGS photo was taken. | ||
Google Maps | 43-48-21 101-56-33 | D-6 "Badlands Barry" |
Google Maps | 43-49-11 102-07-08 | D-7 "Lost Vulture" |
Google Maps | 43-52-34 102-03-48 | D-8 "Tom's" |
| Somewhat longer driveway than usual. | ||
Google Maps | 43-55-53 102-09-36 | D-9 "Cassandra's" |
| D-1 and D-9 were preserved as historic sites. | ||
Google Maps | 43-57-36 102-03-29 | D-10 "Jane's" |
Google Maps | 44-01-53 102-04-08 | D-11 "Mona's" |
Google Maps | 43-55-12 101-28-52 | E-1 "The Greenhouse/Gaudete" |
Google Maps | 44-03-23 101-27-03 | E-2 "Jeremy's" |
| Unusually long driveway. | ||
Google Maps | 43-54-26 101-17-05 | E-3 "Sarah's" |
Google Maps | 43-50-40 101-20-39 | E-4 "Michael's" |
Google Maps | 43-51-12 101-27-40 | E-5 "Carl Kline's" |
| Another clear example of a road dead-ending at a site. | ||
Google Maps | 43-49-58 101-33-48 | E-6 "Susie's" |
Google Maps | 43-50-24 101-44-23 | E-7 "Debbie's" |
Google Maps | 43-51-57 101-39-33 | E-8 "Danny's" |
Google Maps | 43-56-19 101-39-46 | E-9 "Mary Beth and Jim's" |
Google Maps | 43-58-11 101-33-37 | E-10 "Mary's" |
Google Maps | 44-03-19 101-35-18 | E-11 "Laurie's" |
Google Maps | 44-59-50 102-45-43 | F-1 "Contra Connection" |
Google Maps | 45-04-21 102-44-41 | F-2 "North Forty" |
Google Maps | 45-01-34 102-40-16 | F-3 "Ollie's Folly" |
Google Maps | 45-01-30 102-34-15 | F-4 "Fawn's Delight" |
| Some time between 1997 and 2004 highway 212 was rerouted. Formerly it curved to the north but the new route gives it a straight east-west alignment. As a result the LF's driveway was extended to meet the highway again. | ||
Google Maps | 44-57-59 102-34-37 | F-5 "Secord's Profit" |
Google Maps | 44-56-55 102-39-12 | F-6 "Iran's Ire" |
Google Maps | 44-54-39 102-34-19 | F-7 "Or is It Iraq?" |
Google Maps | 44-54-32 102-43-46 | F-8 "Remember What?" |
Google Maps | 44-55-01 102-52-33 | F-9 "Meese Truth" |
Google Maps | 44-58-14 102-56-05 | F-10 "Reagan Knew" |
Google Maps | 45-00-50 102-51-02 | F-11 "Bush, Too" |
Google Maps | 44-43-25 102-39-01 | G-1 "The Heritage Connection" |
Google Maps | 44-46-25 102-32-02 | G-2 "Many Farms" |
Google Maps | 44-41-17 102-33-52 | G-3 "Life's Blood" |
Google Maps | 44-37-06 102-34-27 | G-4 "Have Perished" |
Google Maps | 44-39-11 102-39-39 | G-5 "Since We Began" |
Google Maps | 44-36-36 102-48-19 | G-6 "This Destruction" |
Google Maps | 44-41-45 102-47-42 | G-7 "Choices Made" |
Google Maps | 44-44-51 102-56-23 | G-8 "Hungry Children" |
Google Maps | 44-44-52 102-50-53 | G-9 "Will Be Gone" |
Google Maps | 44-44-57 102-45-55 | G-10 "If Nukes Remain" |
Google Maps | 44-49-05 102-40-12 | G-11 "Top Priority" |
Google Maps | 44-27-43 102-48-55 | H-1 "Hiroshima Denied" |
Google Maps | 44-33-36 102-43-31 | H-2 "Angel Dust" |
Google Maps | 44-33-35 102-37-45 | H-3 "George McGovern's 597 Vote" |
| George McGovern ran for President against Richard Nixon, but the only "state" he won was Washington DC. I think the Nuclear Heartland nickname refers to his winning a Senate seat in 1962 by the very narrow margin of 597 votes. He was a strongly antiwar politician from South Dakota. | ||
Google Maps | 44-29-35 102-41-02 | H-4 "Moscow Children's Hospital" |
Google Maps | 44-30-20 102-33-50 | H-5 "Brokedown Palace" |
Google Maps | 44-25-55 102-33-49 | H-6 "Picnic Canyon" |
Google Maps | 44-24-10 102-45-54 | H-7 "Pro-Active" |
Google Maps | 44-22-27 102-51-05 | H-8 "Why Die?" |
Google Maps | 44-26-06 102-55-12 | H-9 "Terry Peak" |
Google Maps | 44-30-40 102-55-09 | H-10 "Son of Sam" |
Google Maps | 44-32-01 102-49-31 | H-11 "Charles Manson's" |
Google Maps | 44-36-10 102-18-57 | I-1 "Melting Pot" |
Google Maps | 44-44-32 102-17-15 | I-2 "Bad" |
Google Maps | 44-40-01 102-16-40 | I-3 "Augustus Owsley Stanley III" |
| Augustus helped introduce LSD to the world, changing society (at least, American society). I understand he changed his name to Owsley Stanley in 1967 and is living in Australia (as of 2002). Most people call him Bear. He was involved with the Grateful Dead and other groups as a sound man. See www.thebear.org. | ||
Google Maps | 44-36-20 102-13-42 | I-4 "Wart" |
Google Maps | 44-36-45 102-07-42 | I-5 "Cap the Knife" |
Google Maps | 44-32-33 102-10-20 | I-6 "Open Range" |
Google Maps | 44-30-30 102-28-49 | I-7 "End of the Road" |
| On the wrong side of the road compared to the directions in Nuclear Heartland. | ||
Google Maps | 44-34-29 102-29-44 | I-8 "Jim Abdnor's Tunnel Vision" |
| Jim Abdnor was a Republican Senator from South Dakota. | ||
Google Maps | 44-36-13 102-24-07 | I-9 "City on a Hill" |
| Interesting remnants of old access roads. | ||
Google Maps | 44-42-51 102-27-09 | I-10 "Mustard" |
Google Maps | 44-42-05 102-21-30 | I-11 "High Plains Panorama" |
Google Maps | 44-54-21 102-21-55 | J-1 "Tear Down the Wall" |
| The color photo was donated by Eric Wuest and was taken circa September 1981. This is now the "Juliet 1 Bed and Breakfast" according to an article in the September 2005 AAFM newsletter, here, page 9. Refer to http://www.juliet1bed-n-breakfast.net. See also C-1, above. | ||
Google Maps | 45-01-17 102-21-42 | J-2 "Nappin' at the Summit" |
Google Maps | 45-01-28 102-15-17 | J-3 "Peace Creeper" |
Google Maps | 45-01-19 102-08-37 | J-4 "Kissinger's Reasoning" |
Google Maps | 44-56-46 102-12-26 | J-5 "Unnamed" |
Google Maps | 44-53-11 102-14-59 | J-6 "Pentagonia" |
| On March 8, 1983, one man of a two-man security team was accidentally shot and killed by his partner. The victim was identified as Daniel J. Kopp, age 20. The partner was not identified. I received a further explanation by email that there was a two-man security team on site as a Camper Alert Team (on site with a camper). One of the men was playing around with his gun, with a chambered round, which resulted in an accidental discharge directly into the victim. Mr. Kopp died at the scene despite CPR and a helicopter rescue team. A new policy was implemented forbidding a chambered round, at least for camper teams. | ||
Google Maps | 44-49-52 102-16-01 | J-7 "Congressonia" |
Google Maps | 44-49-07 102-20-36 | J-8 "Thatcher's Tether" |
Google Maps | 44-50-49 102-27-00 | J-9 "Bush's Bet" |
Google Maps | 44-56-51 102-27-21 | J-10 "Caspar's Envy" |
| Longish driveway. | ||
Google Maps | 45-01-32 102-27-49 | J-11 "Dakota's Humiliation" |
Google Maps | 44-34-23 103-51-42 | K-1 "Custer's Karma" |
Google Maps | 44-39-10 103-46-33 | K-2 "Lori's Intuition" |
Google Maps | 44-37-15 103-41-14 | K-3 "Bomb Bordello" |
Google Maps | 44-35-11 103-46-04 | K-4 "Tower of Babel" |
| Amazingly, when the USGS took the photo in 1995, they captured two B-1 bombers along with the missile site. Lower-left, and middle-right. | ||
Google Maps | 44-31-53 103-41-31 | K-5 "Shellout Falter" |
Google Maps | 44-26-29 103-41-17 | K-6 "Posterity's Problem" |
Google Maps | 44-28-22 103-46-33 | K-7 "Politician's Prattle" |
Google Maps | 44-31-34 103-56-14 | K-8 "Hell Hole" |
Google Maps | 44-32-54 104-02-05 | K-9 "The Mutt" |
| Some web sources list K-9 and K-10 as being in Wyoming, they are actually in South Dakota but very close to the border. This is apparently an error originally in Robert Mueller's book "Air Force Bases: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States" and perpetuated by others. K-9 is directly across the highway from a rest area. | ||
Google Maps | 44-38-11 104-00-40 | K-10 "Bane of Our Existence" |
| Some web sources list K-9 and K-10 as being in Wyoming, they are actually in South Dakota but very close to the border. This is apparently an error originally in Robert Mueller's book "Air Force Bases: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States" and perpetuated by others. The full-size USGS image shows impressive plowing patterns by the local farmer. | ||
Google Maps | 44-38-24 103-54-47 | K-11 "Mission Impossible" |
Google Maps | 44-32-28 103-20-43 | L-1 "Out to Launch" |
Google Maps | 44-36-55 103-20-42 | L-2 "Prairie Tumor" |
| According to http://ed-thelen.org/MarkMorganTripReport3-01.html an accident damaged a re-entry vehicle (RV). December 5 1964; one retrorocket below the RV fired, sending the RV to the bottom of the silo. No nuclear or conventional detonation occured. This in turn is per Chuck Hansen's CD-ROM book "The Swords of Armageddon" | ||
Google Maps | 44-35-55 103-16-13 | L-3 "Unlit Sky" |
Google Maps | 44-31-48 103-11-04 | L-4 "Broken Arrow" |
Google Maps | 44-27-43 103-30-35 | L-5 "Lauralea-Clark" |
| The LF is now so thoroughly obliterated that when I checked Google imagery in 2012 I thought it was not the correct location. | ||
Google Maps | 44-30-54 103-26-58 | L-6 "Minds Being Wasted" |
Google Maps | 44-31-01 103-34-41 | L-7 "Dr. Seuss" |
Google Maps | 44-35-03 103-33-59 | L-8 "Mamen's Folly" |
Google Maps | 44-38-56 103-35-38 | L-9 "Regretfully Yours" |
Google Maps | 44-35-08 103-26-12 | L-10 "Orange Moon-Rise" |
Google Maps | 44-38-47 103-29-09 | L-11 "Taxpayers' Children" |
Google Maps | 44-55-11 103-56-07 | M-1 "No Accident" |
Google Maps | 45-02-04 103-53-00 | M-2 "Meadowlark" |
Google Maps | 44-57-46 103-52-22 | M-3 "Brown Pelican" |
Google Maps | 44-58-31 103-46-29 | M-4 "Velvet Buck" |
Google Maps | 44-54-37 103-47-34 | M-5 "Lame Doe" |
Google Maps | 44-52-01 103-52-18 | M-6 "Killdeer" |
Google Maps | 44-47-44 103-50-39 | M-7 "Kingbird" |
| Quite a long driveway. | ||
Google Maps | 44-43-15 103-51-00 | M-8 "Crow Creek" |
Google Maps | 44-44-55 103-57-01 | M-9 "Twin Antelope" |
Google Maps | 44-48-10 104-02-15 | M-10 "Prairie's Edge" |
Google Maps | 44-57-53 104-01-20 | M-11 "Field of Clover" |
| Nuclear Heartland claims (and shows) this as on the left side of the road, it's on the right side (trivial quibble). | ||
Google Maps | 44-47-42 103-30-09 | N-1 "Human Misery" |
Google Maps | 44-51-22 103-25-23 | N-2 "Hard Times" |
| N-2 is the only operational site that actually launched a missile (with 7 seconds of fuel), on March 1 1965. See http://ed-thelen.org/MarkMorganTripReport3-01.html. (I'm not including Vandenberg or Edwards since those facilities were for testing/development). Called "Long Life" and briefly described at http://www.afmissileers.org/newsletters/NL1997/Aug97.pdf (page 8 #19). See also http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/agency/44mw.htm and http://www.ellsworth.af.mil/~history/44mw.htm (link dead, WHY do Air Force Bases keep denying their history? Instead, try: http://web.archive.org/web/20030415203418/http://www.ellsworth.af.mil/~history/44mw.htm) which points out two additional launches were canceled, and that this was the only successful launch from an operational site (which I will disagree with, since Vandenberg's Titan II sites were operational at times). A photo of the launch is at http://www.siloworld.net/MISSILE%20TEMP/MINUTEMAN%20LAUNCH.htm. That the silo was refurbished rather than abandoned was clarified on the Yahoo missile_talk group, a fellow named Scotty says he was a November flight commander and states quite clearly the silo was fixed up and put back in service. | ||
Google Maps | 44-47-10 103-25-25 | N-3 "Small is Beautiful" |
Google Maps | 44-43-30 103-20-45 | N-4 "More with Less" |
Google Maps | 44-43-09 103-27-49 | N-5 "Fall of America" |
Google Maps | 44-44-00 103-33-40 | N-6 "Brave New World" |
Google Maps | 44-41-13 103-41-33 | N-7 "Crazy Bald Head" |
Google Maps | 44-46-06 103-38-51 | N-8 "Jah Love" |
Google Maps | 44-51-52 103-43-37 | N-9 "Livestock at Large" |
Google Maps | 44-50-30 103-39-11 | N-10 "Amber Waves" |
Google Maps | 44-54-38 103-38-54 | N-11 "Siberian" |
Google Maps | 44-55-29 103-14-13 | O-1 "Castle Rock" |
Google Maps | 45-00-44 103-02-22 | O-2 "Supply and Demand" |
Google Maps | 44-57-32 103-08-14 | O-3 "The Gang's All Here" |
Google Maps | 44-55-16 103-01-15 | O-4 "Winston Smith" |
Google Maps | 44-52-30 103-06-27 | O-5 "Big Brother" |
| Quite a long driveway. | ||
Google Maps | 44-49-58 103-11-51 | O-6 "Timothy Leary" |
Google Maps | 44-47-17 103-16-28 | O-7 "Dain Bramage" |
Google Maps | 44-51-48 103-17-36 | O-8 "Be Here Now" |
Google Maps | 44-56-47 103-25-20 | O-9 "Jimi Hendrix" |
Google Maps | 44-57-15 103-20-12 | O-10 "Trickle Down" |
| The "trickle down" theory of finance was popular at the time, and largely ridiculed. | ||
Google Maps | 45-00-57 103-25-21 | O-11 "Nuremberg...Ha!" |
Google Maps | 44-08-57 103-05-26 | Training Silo |
| The training silo, known as the Minuteman Maintenance & Procedures Trainer. The site is included on the South Dakota Air & Space Museum tour of the base, see http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/index.php. The USGS photo was taken in April of 1997 which is well after all of Ellsworth's missiles were pulled and launch facilities destroyed. (I originally listed this at 44-09-19 103-05-17 but that turns out to be a power substation; Tim Brewer corrected me in August of 2007). Scott Murdock toured in August of 2010 and includes several pictures in his trip report Ellsworth Echoes. | ||
Google Maps | 44-10-05 103-06-30 | WSA |
| Based on the impressive perimeter fence, this looks like the Weapons Storage Area (WSA). | ||